Vancouver is at the heart of British Columbia’s housing crisis, yet the city continues to restrict new apartment buildings on most of its residential land, preserving it for low-density, single-family housing. While minor zoning reforms have taken place in recent years, more than three-quarters of Vancouver’s residential land still prohibits apartment construction. This outdated zoning policy is not just a relic of the past—it is actively worsening the housing crisis.
The Problem with Exclusionary Zoning
For decades, Vancouver has only allowed apartment buildings in select areas, typically along noisy arterial roads and in older neighborhoods with existing apartments. Meanwhile, the wealthiest single-family neighborhoods remain largely untouched to avoid opposition from Not-In-My-Backyard (NIMBY) advocates.
Although the B.C. government has started pushing back on exclusionary zoning, it has yet to take the crucial step of overturning the apartment ban. This persistent restriction is driving up housing costs, displacing renters, and fueling urban sprawl. Here’s how:
1. Restricting Housing Supply
The Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) estimates that B.C. needs 610,000 additional homes by 2030beyond current trends. However, by preventing apartments in most areas, Vancouver is artificially constraining supply and keeping housing unaffordable.
2. Forcing Tenant Displacement
With apartments banned in most residential areas, developers target existing apartment buildings for redevelopment, leading to evictions and displacement of renters. If new apartments were allowed in single-family zones, this could alleviate pressure on older rental buildings.
3. Increasing Housing Costs
Since apartment-zoned land is scarce, developers—both for-profit and non-profit—must compete for a limited supply of sites, inflating land prices. The rezoning process itself can cost non-profit housing developers between $500,000 to $1 million, further driving up rents and affordability challenges.
4. Blocking People from Living in Desired Areas
By banning apartments in wealthier neighborhoods, exclusionary zoning ensures that lower-income individuals and renters are forced into high-traffic areas. This policy reinforces economic segregation and limits housing choices.
5. Promoting Suburban Sprawl
With housing options limited in Vancouver, many people are pushed to the suburbs, increasing commute times, transportation costs, and urban congestion. This shift also leads to greater carbon emissions and environmental harm.
6. Raising Infrastructure Costs
Denser housing reduces the per-capita cost of infrastructure like roads, sewers, and schools. However, by enforcing low-density zoning, Vancouver is increasing long-term infrastructure costs and making it harder to address the existing infrastructure deficit.
7. Hindering Economic Growth
By restricting housing in high-opportunity cities like Vancouver, exclusionary zoning prevents workers from accessing better jobs, ultimately stalling economic mobility and growth.
Is Reform on the Horizon?
The B.C. government has introduced legislation to allow multiplexes in single-family areas and to enable apartment buildings within 800 meters of major transit hubs. However, these measures don’t go far enough, and cities like Vancouver still have too many loopholes that allow them to maintain exclusionary zoning policies.
The B.C. Conservative Party has opposed these reforms outright, while the B.C. Green Party has supported housing near transit but voted against multiplex zoning in single-family neighborhoods. With a provincial election approaching, the future of zoning reform hangs in the balance.
The Path Forward
If Vancouver is serious about solving its housing crisis, it must end the apartment ban and allow at least six-storey rental apartments by default anywhere that single-family homes can currently be built. Additionally, non-market housing should receive even greater density allowances to ensure affordability for lower-income residents.
The housing crisis won’t be solved by half-measures. Until the apartment ban is lifted, Vancouver will continue to struggle with affordability, displacement, and economic stagnation. The time for action is now.